Commonly used Git commands

 

Here is a list of commonly used Git commands with a brief description for each:

1. git init - Initializes a new Git repository.

2. git clone <repo> - Clones an existing repository into a new directory.

3. git status - Displays the status of the working directory and staging area.

4. git add <file> - Adds a file to the staging area.

5. git commit -m "message" - Commits changes in the staging area with a message.

6. git push - Pushes local commits to the remote repository.

7. git pull - Fetches and merges changes from the remote repository.

8. git fetch - Downloads objects and refs from another repository.

9. git merge <branch> - Merges a specified branch into the current branch.

10. git branch - Lists all local branches.

11. git branch <name> - Creates a new branch.

12. git checkout <branch> - Switches to a specified branch.

13. git checkout -b <branch> - Creates a new branch and switches to it.

14. git log - Displays the commit history.

15. git diff - Shows the differences between commits, commit and working tree, etc.

16. git reset <file> - Unstages a file while retaining the changes in the working directory.

17. git reset --hard - Resets the index and working directory to the last commit.

18. git rm <file> - Removes a file from the working directory and staging area.

19. git stash - Saves changes in a dirty working directory for later use.

20. git stash pop - Applies the most recently stashed changes and removes them from the stash.

21. git remote - Manages set of tracked repositories.

22. git remote add <name> <url> - Adds a remote repository.

23. git tag <name> - Tags a commit with a specified name.

24. git rebase <branch> - Reapplies commits on top of another base tip.

25. git cherry-pick <commit> - Applies the changes of a specific commit on the current branch.

26. git show <commit> - Displays changes in a specific commit.

27. git blame <file> - Shows what revision and author last modified each line of a file.

28. git config - Configures Git settings.

29. git archive - Creates an archive of files from a named tree.

30. git bisect - Uses binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug.

31. git clean -f - Removes untracked files from the working directory.

32. git mv <old> <new> - Renames or moves a file or directory.

33. git grep <pattern> - Searches for a pattern in the work tree.

34. git log --oneline - Displays the commit history in a compact, one-line format.

35. git reflog - Shows the history of changes to the tip of branches.

36. git submodule - Initializes, updates, or inspects submodules.

These commands cover the most common tasks you'll perform with Git.

Steps to install Git on a Server

 

Here are the steps to install Git on a server using yum and create a bare repository:

1. Update the yum package index:

sudo yum update

2. Install the Git package:

sudo yum install git

3. Create a bare repository in the /opt/beta.git directory:

cd /opt
mkdir beta.git
cd beta.git
git init --bare

4. Verify that the repository was created successfully:

ls -al

You should see a directory named .git. This is the bare repository.

Here is an explanation of the steps above:

• The yum update command updates the yum package index, which is a list of all the available packages on the server.
• The yum install git command installs the Git package.
• The cd /opt command changes the current directory to the /opt directory.
• The mkdir beta.git command creates a directory named beta.git in the /opt directory.
• The cd beta.git command changes the current directory to the beta.git directory.
• The git init --bare command creates a bare repository in the current directory.
• The ls -al command lists all the files and directories in the current directory.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.